📘 Information Technology – Questions & Answers
✅ 1. What is Information Technology (IT)?
Information Technology is the use of computers, software, networks, and other digital tools to store, process, transmit, and retrieve information efficiently.
✅ 2. What are the main components of IT?
The five main components of IT are:
1. Hardware
2. Software
3. Data
4. Networks
5. People (users and professionals)
✅ 3. What is the difference between hardware and software?
Hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer (e.g., monitor, CPU, keyboard).
Software is the set of programs and instructions that tell the hardware what to do (e.g., MS Word, Windows OS)
✅ 4. What is a computer network?
A computer network is a group of interconnected computers that share resources and information. Example: LAN, WAN, Internet.
✅ 5. What is the Internet?
The Internet is a global network of computers that allows people to share information and communicate through websites, emails, chats, etc.
✅ 6. What is an operating system (OS)?
An Operating System is system software that manages hardware resources and provides services for application software. Example: Windows, Linux, macOS.
✅ 7. What is data and information?
Data: Raw, unprocessed facts (e.g., numbers, text)
Information: Processed data that is meaningful and useful
✅ 8. What is cybersecurity?
Cybersecurity refers to the protection of computer systems and data from cyber threats like viruses, hacking, and unauthorized access.
✅ 9. What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services like storage, servers, and software over the internet. Example: Google Drive, Dropbox, AWS.
✅ 10. Name some application software.
Examples include:
MS Word (Word processing)
Excel (Spreadsheet)
PowerPoint (Presentations)
Web browsers (Chrome, Firefox)
✅ 11. What is a database?
A database is an organized collection of data that can be easily accessed, managed, and updated. Example: MySQL, Oracle, MS Access.
✅ 12. What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?
AI is a branch of IT that enables machines to mimic human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, and problem-solving.
✅ 13. Mention two advantages of IT.
1. Faster communication
2. Easy access to information
✅ 14. Mention two disadvantages of IT.
1. Cybersecurity risks
2. Overdependence on technology
✅ 15. What are input and output devices?
Input Devices: Used to enter data into a computer (e.g., Keyboard, Mouse)
Output Devices: Used to display results (e.g., Monitor, Printer)
✅ 16. What is the difference between LAN and WAN?
LAN (Local Area Network): Covers a small area like an office or building
WAN (Wide Area Network): Covers large areas like cities or countries (e.g., the Internet).
✅ 17. What is an IP address?
An IP address is a unique numerical label assigned to each device connected to a network to identify and communicate with other devices.
✅ 18. What is the role of a web browser?
A web browser is software used to access and view websites on the Internet. Examples: Chrome, Firefox, Safari.
✅ 19. What is an email?
Email (Electronic Mail) is a method of exchanging digital messages over the Internet.
✅ 20. What is Open Source Software?
Open Source Software is software whose source code is freely available for users to view, modify, and distribute.
Example: Linux, LibreOffice.
✅ 21. What is the function of a modem?
A modem (modulator-demodulator) converts digital data into analog signals and vice versa, allowing computers to connect to the Internet.
✅ 22. What is ICT?
ICT (Information and Communication Technology) includes IT tools and communication technologies like mobile phones, Internet, and broadcasting systems used to transmit, store, and process information.
✅ 23. What is a search engine?
A search engine is an online tool that helps users find information on the web.
Examples: Google, Bing, Yahoo.
✅ 24. What is a file extension?
A file extension is a suffix at the end of a file name that indicates the file type.
Examples: .docx (Word), .jpg (image), .mp3 (audio)
✅ 25. What is malware?
Malware stands for malicious software, which includes viruses, worms, spyware, and ransomware that harm computers or steal data.
✅ 26. What is e-governance?
E-Governance is the use of IT by government agencies to deliver services, exchange information, and communicate with citizens.
✅ 27. What is a spreadsheet used for?
A spreadsheet is used for calculating, analyzing, and storing data in tabular form.
Example: Microsoft Excel, Google Sheets
✅ 28. Define Wi-Fi.
Wi-Fi is a wireless networking technology that allows devices to connect to the Internet without physical cables.
✅ 29. What is the function of an antivirus?
An antivirus detects, prevents, and removes malicious software from computers.
✅ 30. What is social media?
Social media refers to websites and apps that allow users to create, share content, and interact with others.
Examples: Facebook, Instagram, Twitter.
✅ 31. What is the full form of:
Acronym Full Form
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
CPU - Central Processing Unit
HTML - HyperText Markup Language
IT - Information Technology
USB - Universal Serial Bus
✅ 32. What are examples of storage devices?
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
Solid State Drive (SSD)
Pen Drive (USB Flash Drive)
CD/DVD
Memory Card
✅ 33. What is the use of presentation software?
Presentation software is used to create slideshows for displaying information in meetings or classes.
Examples: PowerPoint, Google Slides.
✅ 34. What is plagiarism in IT?
Plagiarism is using someone else's digital content (text, images, code, etc.) without giving credit, often considered unethical and illegal
✅ 35. What is video conferencing?
Video conferencing allows people in different locations to hold live visual meetings using computers, cameras, and the internet.
Examples: Zoom, Microsoft Teams.
✅ 36. What is the difference between data and information?
Data: Raw, unorganized facts (e.g., numbers, text).
Information: Processed and organized data that is meaningful and useful.
✅ 37. What is a spreadsheet? Name any two spreadsheet software.
A spreadsheet is a digital sheet used to organize data in rows and columns, often for calculations and analysis.
Examples:
Microsoft Excel
Google Sheets
✅ 38. What is a web page and a website?
Web Page: A single document on the Internet.
Website: A collection of related web pages under one domain name.
✅ 39. What is the function of a firewall in a network?
A firewall is a security system that controls incoming and outgoing network traffic to protect against unauthorized access.
✅ 40. What is phishing?
Phishing is a type of cybercrime where attackers trick users into sharing sensitive information like passwords or credit card details via fake websites or emails.
✅ 41. Name any two types of printers.
1. Inkjet Printer
2. Laser Printer
✅ 42. What is the function of the CPU in a computer?
The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the "brain" of the computer; it performs all calculations and decision-making.
✅ 43. What is encryption?
Encryption is the process of converting data into a coded format to protect it from unauthorized access during storage or transmission.
✅ 44. What is the difference between downloading and uploading?
Downloading: Receiving data from the Internet to your device.
Uploading: Sending data from your device to the Internet.
✅ 45. Name any two common input and output devices.
Input Devices: Keyboard, Mouse
Output Devices: Monitor, Printer
✅ 46. What is a domain name?
A domain name is the address used to access websites (e.g., www.google.com).
✅ 47. What is the use of PowerPoint software?
PowerPoint is used to create presentations using slides containing text, images, videos, charts, etc.
✅ 48. What is a URL? Give an example.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the address of a web page.
Example: https://www.wikipedia.org
✅ 49. What is RAM?
RAM (Random Access Memory) is a type of temporary memory used by the computer to store data and programs currently in use.
✅ 50. What is the difference between save and save as?
Save: Stores changes to the current file.
Save As: Creates a new file or allows you to save the current file with a different name/location.
✅ 51. What is a hyperlink?
A hyperlink is a clickable link in a document or webpage that redirects you to another location, page, or website.
✅ 52. What are cookies in web browsing?
Cookies are small files stored on your computer by websites to remember your preferences and login details.
✅ 53. What is a spreadsheet cell?
A cell in a spreadsheet is a single box where a row and column intersect, used to store data (e.g., A1, B2)
✅ 54. What is slide transition in PowerPoint?
Slide transition refers to the visual effect that appears when moving from one slide to another in a presentation.
✅ 55. Define digital footprint.
A digital footprint is the trail of data you leave behind when you use the internet, such as posts, comments, browsing history.
✅ 56. What is an algorithm?
An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure or set of rules used to solve a problem or perform a task, especially in computing.
✅ 57. What is programming?
Programming is the process of writing instructions (code) for a computer to perform specific tasks.
Examples of programming languages: Python, Java, C++.
✅ 58. What is a compiler?
A compiler is a program that translates source code written in a programming language into machine language (binary) so the computer can execute it.
✅ 59. What is the full form of HTTP and HTTPS?
HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol
HTTPS: HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure (with encryption)
✅ 60. What is virtualization in IT?
Virtualization is the creation of a virtual version of hardware, storage devices, or operating systems — allowing one physical system to act like many.
✅ 61. What is meant by digital literacy?
Digital literacy is the ability to effectively use digital devices, communication tools, and the internet for everyday tasks, learning, and work.
✅ 62. What is a backup and why is it important?
A backup is a copy of data stored separately to protect against data loss due to system failure, accidental deletion, or cyberattacks.
✅ 63. What is a QR code?
A QR code (Quick Response code) is a type of barcode that can be scanned using a smartphone to access information, links, or payment systems.
✅ 64. What is the use of Google Drive?
Google Drive is a cloud storage service that allows users to store, share, and access files online from any device.
✅ 65. What is the function of the Recycle Bin in Windows?
The Recycle Bin stores deleted files temporarily so users can recover accidentally deleted data before it's permanently removed.
✅ 66. What are the three main types of computer memory?
1. Primary Memory (RAM, ROM)
2. Secondary Memory (HDD, SSD)
3. Cache Memory
✅ 67. What is a blog?
A blog is a type of website or online journal where individuals or organizations post articles, stories, or information regularly.
✅ 68. What is digital divide?
The digital divide refers to the gap between those who have access to modern technology (like internet and computers) and those who do not.
✅ 69. What is open data?
Open data is data that is freely available to everyone to use, reuse, and distribute without restrictions.
✅ 70. What is spreadsheet formula?
A formula in a spreadsheet is an equation used to perform calculations on values in cells.
Example: =SUM(A1:A5) adds values from A1 to A5.
✅ 71. What is a database management system (DBMS)?
DBMS is software used to store, manage, and retrieve data in databases.
Examples: MySQL, Oracle, Microsoft Access
✅ 72. What is biometric authentication?
It is a security process that verifies a person’s identity using unique biological traits like fingerprints, facial recognition, or iris scans.
✅ 73. What is two-factor authentication (2FA)?
2FA is a security method that requires two types of verification (like password + OTP or fingerprint) to access an account.
✅ 74. What is ICT in education?
ICT in education means using digital tools like computers, projectors, and online platforms to enhance teaching and learning.
✅ 75. Define e-commerce.
E-commerce (electronic commerce) is the buying and selling of goods or services over the internet.
Examples: Amazon, Flipkart, eBay